The Parisian club has now secured the season-opening cup on 14 separate occasions.
The Parisian giants needed a stoppage-time leveler followed by a perfect penalty shootout to overcome Marseille in the Gulf and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup victory.
The European champions appeared to be sailing towards a straightforward triumph in the showdown between the Ligue 1 winners and the Coupe de France holders after the French winger opened the net in the opening stages.
Yet, Marseille struck twice late to seize a shock advantage. Initially, Mason Greenwood converted from the spot-kick, before the defender inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable twist of events, Goncalo Ramos snatched a vital equaliser in the dying moments to send the match into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then stood as the hero, stopping decisive attempts from Matt O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and the young talent all converted with composure for PSG to seal a 4-1 penalty win.
The record winners Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now lifted this competition for the 12th time in the last thirteen seasons.